The grade of edema and ecchymosis encountered in each patient was determined by three ENT specialists. The face images of patients were taken on the front view on the first, third, seventh, and fourteenth days following the treatment. Dexamethasone was injected on one side of consenting patient's face immediately before surgery and the results were compared with the opposite side that was not injected.
We conduct a hospital-based nonrandomised study of rhinoplasty patients, with their informed consent treated over the course of one year. To reduce edema and ecchymosis in rhinoplasty patients by administering a subcutaneous injection of dexamethasone and thereby prevent unwanted systemic side effects of corticosteroid treatments. For this purpose, various methods have been used to reduce edema and ecchymosis, including intravenous injection of corticosteroids, cold compresses, and tranexamic acid. Edema and ecchymosis have a significant effect on a patients' satisfaction with surgery and their return to social activities. The most common complications following osteotomy are edema and ecchymosis. In most rhinoplasty patients, an osteotomy is used to reshape the nasal pyramid. Rhinoplasty is one of the most common types of cosmetic surgery undertaken. Of the Dichotic Consonant-Vowel test results. Researchers consider diurnal changes as an extraneous variable that could affect the reliability The current study suggests that clinicians and Require sufficient physical and mental efforts. Hence, attention and inhibitory controls aid them in carrying out tasks that Remained unchanged between morning and evening test results.Ĭonclusion: Diurnal change is a phenomenon associated with an individual’s biologicalĬlock mechanism. Results: There was significant diurnal changes noted for moderately morning and eveningĬategories, where morning-type individuals performed better during morning and eveningtype individuals performed better during the evening. The Dichotic Consonant-Vowel tests were performed during morning andĮvening, and the right ear, left ear and double correct scores were compared between morning The subjects were divided into moderately-morning, intermediate and moderately-eveningĬategories. Method: Based on the ‘Morningness-Eveningness questionnaire’ given by Horne & Ostberg, Obtained for the Dichotic Consonant-Vowel paradigm by young adults with normal hearing Objective: The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of diurnal changes in scores Performance level for different activities that involve physical and mental tasks. Based on a parametric paired t-test, results reveal no significant differences between morning time and evening time across moderately morning, intermediate, and moderately evening groups implying that working memory is a higher-order function that shows no or negligible diurnal effects, unlike other lower-order functions like temporal processing of auditory signals.īackground: Diurnal changes can be defined as the time of the day over an individual’s The Auditory Working Memory tests were carried out during the morning and evening for all the participants. Thirty-two participants were enrolled (21 females and 11 males) and were classified based on the morningness-eveningness questionnaire. The current study aimed to document the diurnal effects on auditory working memory, a phenomenon crucial for learning and academic outcomes and holds its role in various clinical and research fields. Literature show variations in visual, memory, audition, and other cognitive tasks throughout the day in every individual. The morningness-eveningness questionnaire classifies individuals as definitely morning, moderately morning, intermediate, moderately evening, and definitely evening type individuals based on their active performance during different times of the day.
The human circadian rhythmicity is an internal biological clock mechanism that enables them to effectively perform tasks during a particular time of the day, due to which they exhibit diurnal effects.
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